Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women, though it can also occur in men. It develops when abnormal cells in breast tissue multiply uncontrollably and form a tumor. Early symptoms may include a breast lump, nipple discharge, skin changes, pain, or swelling in the underarm area. Risk factors include age, hormonal influences, family history, obesity, and genetic mutations such as BRCA changes. Early diagnosis through mammography, ultrasound, biopsy, and receptor testing greatly improves treatment success.

Management may include surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy depending on tumor stage and receptor status. Modern breast cancer care is highly personalized, with treatment planned according to hormone receptors and molecular markers. Early-stage breast cancer often has very good outcomes when detected and treated promptly, while advanced cases now benefit from multiple newer therapies that improve long-term survival.