Gynaecological Malignancies

Gynaecological malignancies include cancers of the ovary, uterus, cervix, vulva, and fallopian tubes. These cancers affect the female reproductive system and may present with abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, abdominal swelling, discharge, or menstrual changes. Cervical cancer is often linked to HPV infection, while ovarian and uterine cancers may be associated with hormonal factors, age, obesity, or family history. Diagnosis usually involves pelvic examination, ultrasound, biopsy, Pap smear, tumor markers, and advanced imaging.

Treatment depends on cancer type and stage and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or hormonal treatment. Early diagnosis is especially important because many gynecological cancers respond very well in initial stages. Preventive screening and HPV vaccination also play a major role in reducing disease burden and improving women’s health outcomes.