Thorax and Lung Cancer

Thorax and lung cancer includes cancers affecting the lungs, chest cavity, pleura, and mediastinal structures. Lung cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and is strongly associated with smoking, pollution exposure, occupational hazards, and genetic factors. Symptoms may include persistent cough, chest pain, breathlessness, coughing blood, weight loss, or recurrent chest infections. Diagnosis usually involves chest imaging, CT scan, bronchoscopy, biopsy, and molecular testing.

Treatment depends on cancer stage and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Molecular profiling has greatly improved treatment selection in lung cancer, especially in advanced disease. Early-stage thoracic cancers often have better outcomes when detected before spread occurs. Modern treatment aims to improve survival while maintaining breathing function and quality of life.